Topics 1.1 Systems architecture 1.1.1 Architecture of the CPU 1.1.2 CPU performance 1.1.3 Embedded systems 1.2 Memory and storage 1.2.1 Primary storage (memory) 1.2.2 Secondary storage 1.2.3 Units 1.2.4 Data storage 1.2.5 Compression 1.3 Computer networks, connections, and protocols 1.3.1 Networks and topologies 1.3.2 Wired and wireless networks, protocols, and layers 1.4 Network security 1.4.1 Threats to computer systems, and networks 1.4.2 Identifying and preventing vulnerabilities 1.5 Systems software 1.5.1 Operating systems 1.5.2 Utility software 1.6 Ethical, legal, cultural, and environmental impacts of digital technology 1.6.1 Ethical, legal, cultural, and environmental impact