(a)

  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  • Control unit (CU)
  • Registers:
    • Program Counter (PC)
    • Accumulator (ACC)
    • Memory Address Register (MAR)
    • Memory Data Register (MDR)
    • Current Instruction Register (CIR)
  • Buses and how they relate to assembly language programs:
    • data bus
    • address bus
    • control bus

(b)

The Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle and its effects on registers

(c)

The factors affecting the performance of the Central Processing Unit (CPU):

  • clock speed
  • number of cores
  • cache

(d)

The use of pipelining in a processor to improve efficiency

(e)

CPU architectures:

  • Von Neumann architecture
  • Harvard architecture
  • contemporary processor architecture